The Merge: the terms and acronyms to know

For our series of articles devoted to the Merge concept, we have established a list of keywords used for a better understanding

Interfaces and equipment

• BCI – Brain – Complete Interface : brain – computer interface. Device translating neural activity into usable digital signals.
• BMI – Brain – Machine Interface : brain – machine interface. Similar to BCI but with direct control of mechanical or robotic devices.
• EEG – Electroenception : electroencephalography, non -invasive technique to measure brain electrical activity.
• Fnirs-Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy : near functional infrared spectroscopy, to measure cerebral oxygenation.
• Meg – Magnetoencepthalography : VCRIGNEPHELOGRAPHY, MEASUREMENT OF MAGNITIC FIRES generated by neuronal activity.
• ECOG – Electrocorticography : electrocorticography, invasive method where the electrodes are placed on the surface of the cortex.
• Utah array : Network of invasive electrodes used for high -resolution neuronal reading/neuronal writing.
• Neural lace : ultra-fine neuronal mesh injected into the brain to create a communication network with neurons.
• Neural dust : wireless microscopic sensors implanted to record and stimulate neuronal activity.
• Exocortex : external extension of the memory and cognitive capacities of an individual via digital support.

Protocols and treatment

• Brain codec : Universal translation protocol between neural signals and digital data.
• Edge Computing : Data processing directly in the local system (implant, Wearable) to reduce latency and protect confidentiality.
• Cloud Ai Integration : Use of cloud resources to complete the local calculation capacity of an implant or an interface.
• Latency threshold : latency threshold below which the machine becomes perceived as an integral part of the cognitive process (~ 300 ms).
• Closed-loop neuromodulation : Reading and neural stimulation in real time to dynamically adjust brain activity.
• Adaptive Feedback Loops : feedback loops where AI adapts its responses to neurophysiological variations of the user.

AI and learning

• AGE – artificial general intelligence : general artificial intelligence, capable of learning and performing any human cognitive task.
• Asi – artificial superintelligence : Artificial intelligence largely exceeding human capacities in all areas.
• RLHF – Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback : Learning by strengthening guided by human return.
• Rlaif – Reinforcement Learning from Ai Feedback : learning by reinforcement guided by return of AI.
• Multi-agent Systems : AI systems made up of multiple agents collaborating or competing.
• Explainable AI (xai) : Explainable, capable of justifying his decisions in an interpretable manner.
• Neuro-Symbolic Ai : The combination of neural networks and symbolic logic.

Governance and regulation

• INSTEAD OF CONSTRAINTS CONTRACTS : IA – Human contractual governance model, with verifiable mutual commitment.
• Synthetic Personality : synthetic personality, legal status for AI or hybrid entity.
• Neurosecurity : Neuronal cybersecurity, protection of interfaces and brain data against intrusion.
• Ai Governance Ledger : distributed register documenting the actions and commitments of an AI.
• Zero-Knowledge Prooff (ZKP) : evidence with zero disclosure of knowledge, to check without exposing sensitive data.
• Kill Switch : Emergency deactivation mechanism for an IA or BCI system.

Risks and threats

• Cognitive Stratification : cognitive stratification, inequalities of access to increases.
• Memetic Threats : memetical threats, targeted dissemination of ideas or narratives to influence.
• CAUTION Hacking : intentional capture of attention via optimized stimuli.
• Data poisoning : injection of corrupt data in the system to alter its behavior.
• Neural Hijacking : diversion from a neural interface to influence or control.
• Model Inversion Attacks : Exploitation of the AI ​​model to reconstruct private user data.

Concepts related to merge

• Bio-cyber symbiosis : Bio-cybernetic symbiosis between human and machine.
• Cognitive offloading : delegation of certain cognitive functions to an external system.
• Extended Mind Theory : Theory of the extended mind, where the tools become an integral part of cognition.
• Co-Evolution Loop : Co-evolution loop Homme –aa, where everyone improves the other.
• Consciousness substrate-Agnostic : Independent consciousness of the support, biological or digital.
• Mind uploading : transfer of consciousness to an artificial support.
• Neuroethics : ethics of neuroscience, study of moral implications of brain interventions.
• Technological Telepathy : Direct transmission thought – thought via neural interface.

Discover our series dedicated to The Merge:

• The Merge: When the man and the machine merge
• With Neuralink, Merge Labs, Precision Neuroscience and Synchron, the United States is leading the race for “Merge”
• The Merge: the terms and acronyms to know